{"id":2593,"date":"2024-09-15T18:30:31","date_gmt":"2024-09-15T15:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/?p=2593"},"modified":"2025-06-08T15:45:27","modified_gmt":"2025-06-08T12:15:27","slug":"precision-tools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/blog\/precision-tools\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2593\" class=\"elementor elementor-2593\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efd282b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"efd282b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69520fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69520fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e782c55 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e782c55\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a560ac2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a560ac2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"566\" height=\"241\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631-\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2600\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631-\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642.jpg 566w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631-\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642-300x128.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 566px) 100vw, 566px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb7438d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"eb7438d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd89c77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd89c77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642<\/strong><\/p><ol><li><strong>\u062d\u0633\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong><strong> (Sensors)<\/strong>: \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong><strong> (Transmitters)<\/strong>: \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong><strong> (Controllers)<\/strong>: \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong><strong> (Actuators)<\/strong>: \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646.<\/li><li><strong>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong><strong> (Indicators and Recorders)<\/strong>: \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4a2f39 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b4a2f39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fccbac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fccbac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0632<\/strong>: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639.<\/li><li><strong>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li><li><strong>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li><li><strong>\u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong>: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc.<\/li><li><strong>\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0636\u0627<\/strong>: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u06cc.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0648 \u0635\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/li><li>\u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/li><li>\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/li><li>\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52b50ef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"52b50ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bfab70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5bfab70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p><p>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0645:<\/p><p><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06af<\/strong><\/p><ol><li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/strong>: \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062c\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0631\u062e \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062c\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062c\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u06a9.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627<\/strong>: \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u067e\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 RTD\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong>: \u0633\u0637\u062d\u200c\u0633\u0646\u062c\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u06af\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631<\/strong>: \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0627 (SCADA) \u0648 DCS \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8480920 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8480920\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d29fe72 landing-hero cta-blog e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d29fe72\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44c6c6a elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"44c6c6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d640a28 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d640a28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e87f44f elementor-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e87f44f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:1000}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-053dba2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"053dba2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ea1510 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ea1510\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p><p>\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p><p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p><p>\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u060c \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u060c \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0634\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u0646\u0634\u060c \u0633\u0637\u062d \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0686\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0647\/\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2f1eec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b2f1eec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6e6182 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d6e6182\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2599\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062c.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95349e9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"95349e9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eaeee2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4eaeee2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p><p><strong>\u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f (<\/strong><strong>Process<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>Process Variable<\/strong><strong> (<\/strong><strong>PV<\/strong><strong>) :<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u060c \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>Setpoint<\/strong><strong> (\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645<\/strong>): \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u0647\u062f\u0641\u201d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p><p><strong>Transducer<\/strong><strong> (\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644):<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p><p><strong>Primary Sensing Element<\/strong><strong> (\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647):<\/strong> \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>Transmitter<\/strong><strong> (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631):<\/strong> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u06af\u0631 (PSE) \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>Lower Range Value<\/strong><strong> &amp; <\/strong><strong>Upper Range Value<\/strong><strong> (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647):<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Zero<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0648 \u0635\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p><p>\u00a0<strong>Span<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.Span \u00a0\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 Lower Range Value &amp; Upper Range Value \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>Controller<\/strong><strong> (\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647) :<\/strong> \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647) \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>Final Control Element<\/strong><strong> (\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644): <\/strong>\u0628\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>Manipulated Variable<\/strong><strong> (\u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647):<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 (Set Point) \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>Automatic Mode<\/strong><strong> (\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9) : <\/strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>Manual Mode<\/strong><strong> (\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc):<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>International Society of Automation<\/strong><strong> (\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646):<\/strong> \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>Tag Numbers<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>Alarm<\/strong><strong> (\u0647\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0631):<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0634\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p><p><strong>Binary<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f: 0 \u0648 1. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p><p><strong>Balloon<\/strong><strong> :<\/strong> \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u06a9 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21e3746 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"21e3746\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6878cf9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6878cf9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"567\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631-\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642-1024x645.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2598\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631-\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642-1024x645.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631-\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631-\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642-768x483.jpg 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631-\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642.jpg 1436w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e01fa2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6e01fa2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a23ac9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a23ac9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p><p>\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p><ol><li><strong>\u062f\u0642\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 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\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li><li><strong>\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 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\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li><li><strong>\u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li><\/ol><p>\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-752df27 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"752df27\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dbb86e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9dbb86e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc:<\/p><p>\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0648 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\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p><p>\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc 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\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p><p>\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59be9ee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"59be9ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6aee356 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6aee356\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13f1c1f products-blog e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"13f1c1f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df31314 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"df31314\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f65bac7 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"f65bac7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\/valves\/landing\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1626\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.webp 2000w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\/valves\/landing\">\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e504139 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e504139\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20cd8a6 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"20cd8a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\/expansion-joint\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1660\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber.webp 2000w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\/expansion-joint\">\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-964c68a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"964c68a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be1f6fb elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"be1f6fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\/metal-connections\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648-\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e-preview.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1665\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648-\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e-preview.jpg 700w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648-\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e-preview-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648-\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e-preview-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648-\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e-preview-400x400.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\/metal-connections\">\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1942a4b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1942a4b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1545c56 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"1545c56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\/metal-pipes\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1666\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1.webp 2000w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\/metal-pipes\">\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86ed231 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"86ed231\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63aa33e elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"63aa33e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\/flange\/landing\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1667\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange.webp 2000w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\/flange\/landing\">\u0641\u0644\u0646\u062c \u0647\u0627<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e416f3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7e416f3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8daa1c elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"f8daa1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\/Polymer-pipes-and-connection\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/knee-electro.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1688\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/knee-electro.webp 2000w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/knee-electro-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/knee-electro-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/knee-electro-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/knee-electro-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/knee-electro-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/knee-electro-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\/Polymer-pipes-and-connection\">\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a 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