{"id":3384,"date":"2025-07-21T16:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-21T12:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/?p=3384"},"modified":"2025-07-22T10:20:12","modified_gmt":"2025-07-22T06:50:12","slug":"p-id","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/blog\/p-id\/","title":{"rendered":"P&amp;ID(\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u06af)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3384\" class=\"elementor elementor-3384\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e113e8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7e113e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83ffa3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83ffa3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P&amp;ID \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 <\/span><b>Piping and Instrumentation Diagram<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc <\/span><b>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u067e\u0645\u067e\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062c)\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c P&amp;ID \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72db871 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"72db871\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f458fe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f458fe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-19-2025-10_37_20-AM-1024x683.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3386\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-19-2025-10_37_20-AM-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-19-2025-10_37_20-AM-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-19-2025-10_37_20-AM-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-19-2025-10_37_20-AM.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96309c8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"96309c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef5288d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef5288d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><b>\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc P&amp;ID<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 P&amp;ID \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/span><\/p><h3><b>\u06f1. \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc (Main Equipment)<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0645\u067e\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0648 &#8230; \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 P&amp;ID \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u06a9 <\/span><b>Tag Number<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>\u06f2. \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc (Piping Lines)<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 P&amp;ID \u0646\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 (NPS)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 (\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062c\u0647\u062a \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0644 (\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0634)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4dce99 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b4dce99\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbbd072 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cbbd072\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Instrument-lines-pid-symbols.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3388\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Instrument-lines-pid-symbols.png 952w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Instrument-lines-pid-symbols-300x71.png 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Instrument-lines-pid-symbols-768x182.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f7b64a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3f7b64a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-add7e03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"add7e03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>\u06f3. \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a (Valves)<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/product-category\/valves\/\">\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/strong><\/span> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f. P&amp;ID \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u06cc\u0631 (Ball\u060c Gate\u060c Globe\u060c Check\u060c Control \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647) \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da42a69 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"da42a69\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ba30fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9ba30fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/PID-valve-symbols-retopi-1024x457.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3389\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/PID-valve-symbols-retopi-1024x457.png 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/PID-valve-symbols-retopi-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/PID-valve-symbols-retopi-768x343.png 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/PID-valve-symbols-retopi.png 1076w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17fd28e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"17fd28e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8faf419 single-product-blog e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8faf419\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0e20af e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a0e20af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3308b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e3308b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0634\u06cc\u0631-\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647-\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc-\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0628-1024x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2260\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0634\u06cc\u0631-\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647-\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc-\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0628-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0634\u06cc\u0631-\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647-\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc-\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0628-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0634\u06cc\u0631-\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647-\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc-\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0628-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0634\u06cc\u0631-\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647-\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc-\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0628-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0634\u06cc\u0631-\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647-\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc-\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0628-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0634\u06cc\u0631-\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647-\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc-\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0628-400x400.webp 400w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/\u0634\u06cc\u0631-\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647-\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc-\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0628.webp 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c37b4d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c37b4d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e241ea elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9e241ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d9c367 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d9c367\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u067e\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c\u00a0 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00176c2 elementor-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"00176c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInUp&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:1000}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/products\/valves\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d828592 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d828592\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9910e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9910e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>\u06f4. \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 (Instrumentation)<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0627 (TT)\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 (PT)\u060c \u0633\u0637\u062d (LT)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 (Transmitter)\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627 (Controller) \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06af\u0631\u0647\u0627 (Actuator) \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0631 P&amp;ID \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644) \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>\u06f5. \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f PLC \u06cc\u0627 DCS \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f. P&amp;ID \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>\u06f6. \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 (Legend)<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u0631 P&amp;ID \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 <\/span><b>Legend<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f <\/span><b>ISA S5.1<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u06cc\u0627 <\/span><b>ISO 14617<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u062a\u0647\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e144f3e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e144f3e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e89fa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e89fa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><b>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 P&amp;ID<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P&amp;ID \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/span><\/p><h3><b>\u06f1. \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 P&amp;ID \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 PLC) \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>\u06f2. \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 P&amp;ID \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>\u06f3. \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 P&amp;ID \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>\u06f4. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 P&amp;ID \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>\u06f5. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc (HAZOP)<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f HAZOP\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 P&amp;ID \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e8b743 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2e8b743\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dfae49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8dfae49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><b>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a PFD \u0648 P&amp;ID:<\/b><\/h2><h3><b>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 PFD \u0648 P&amp;ID<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 <\/span><b>PFD (Process Flow Diagram)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0648 <\/span><b>P&amp;ID<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><b>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc<\/b><\/td><td><b>PFD (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f)<\/b><\/td><td><b>P&amp;ID (\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642)<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u06a9\u0645<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PFD \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 P&amp;ID \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p><h2><b>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc P&amp;ID<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 P&amp;ID\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>ISA S5.1<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc<\/span>\u00a0<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>ISO 14617<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/span>\u00a0<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>ANSI\/ISA-5.1<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f ISA\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/span>\u00a0<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>PIP (Process Industry Practices)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/span>\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><h2><b>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 P&amp;ID<\/b><\/h2><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/span>\u00a0<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627<\/span>\u00a0<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0633\u0647\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span>\u00a0<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/span>\u00a0<\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h2><b>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a PFD \u0648 P&amp;ID:<\/b><\/h2><table><tbody><tr><td><b>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc<\/b><\/td><td><b>PFD (Process Flow Diagram)<\/b><\/td><td><b>P&amp;ID (Piping &amp; Instrumentation Diagram)<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u06a9\u0645<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efdeeac e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"efdeeac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d450d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2d450d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-19-2025-11_42_44-AM-1024x683.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3387\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-19-2025-11_42_44-AM-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-19-2025-11_42_44-AM-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-19-2025-11_42_44-AM-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-Jul-19-2025-11_42_44-AM.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51f794b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"51f794b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-201ade6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"201ade6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 P&amp;ID \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0632\u060c \u067e\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0632 P&amp;ID \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac82de4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ac82de4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2abee7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a2abee7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd9df4d products-blog e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd9df4d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bf867a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8bf867a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e08d0d2 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"e08d0d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/product-category\/valves\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1626\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.webp 2000w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u06cc-\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f-\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/product-category\/valves\/\">\u0634\u06cc\u0631\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-145dc8f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"145dc8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-205f9ba elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"205f9ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/product-category\/expansion-joint\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1660\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber.webp 2000w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Rubber-shock-absorber-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/product-category\/expansion-joint\/\">\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-198b1e5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"198b1e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e7d0e4 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"1e7d0e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/product-category\/metal-connections\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648-\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e-preview.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1665\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648-\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e-preview.jpg 700w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648-\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e-preview-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648-\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e-preview-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0648-\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0633\u0648\u067e\u0631\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u067e-preview-400x400.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/product-category\/metal-connections\/\">\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2781c84 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2781c84\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb7c910 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"bb7c910\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/product-category\/metal-pipes\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1666\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1.webp 2000w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/NAHAYI-2-1-400x400.webp 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/product-category\/metal-pipes\/\">\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc<\/a><\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b85d00 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9b85d00\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccef33d elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"ccef33d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/product-category\/flange\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1667\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange.webp 2000w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Throat-flange-768x768.webp 768w, 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