{"id":5412,"date":"2026-02-22T17:10:57","date_gmt":"2026-02-22T13:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/?p=5412"},"modified":"2026-02-24T09:05:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T05:35:11","slug":"common-welding-defects-in-piping","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/blog\/common-welding-defects-in-piping\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5412\" class=\"elementor elementor-5412\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85cffa9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"85cffa9\" data-element_type=\"container\" 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\u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p><h4 data-start=\"1919\" data-end=\"1934\">\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/h4><ul><li data-start=\"1937\" data-end=\"1965\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0645\u067e\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698<\/li><li data-start=\"1968\" data-end=\"1996\">\u0622\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u067e\u062e \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647<\/li><li data-start=\"1999\" data-end=\"2028\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f<\/li><li data-start=\"2031\" data-end=\"2061\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0686 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f<\/li><\/ul><h4 data-start=\"2063\" data-end=\"2085\">\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/h4><ul><li data-start=\"2088\" data-end=\"2119\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/li><li data-start=\"2122\" data-end=\"2149\">\u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u062e\u200c\u0632\u0646\u06cc<\/li><li data-start=\"2152\" data-end=\"2184\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a<\/li><li data-start=\"2187\" data-end=\"2225\">\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f RT \u06cc\u0627 UT<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-646850e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"646850e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7c9bef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d7c9bef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"2232\" data-end=\"2262\">2. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0634 (Porosity)<\/h3><p data-start=\"2264\" data-end=\"2347\">\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0686\u0642\u0631\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p><h4 data-start=\"2349\" data-end=\"2370\">\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/h4><ul><li data-start=\"2373\" data-end=\"2402\">\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0634<\/li><li data-start=\"2405\" data-end=\"2422\">\u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647<\/li><li data-start=\"2425\" data-end=\"2446\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638<\/li><li data-start=\"2449\" data-end=\"2466\">\u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u06af\u0627\u0632<\/li><\/ul><h4 data-start=\"2468\" data-end=\"2487\">\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc<\/h4><ul><li data-start=\"2490\" data-end=\"2526\">\u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646<\/li><li data-start=\"2529\" data-end=\"2559\">\u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/li><li data-start=\"2562\" data-end=\"2590\">\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638<\/li><li data-start=\"2593\" data-end=\"2633\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0647<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-321da62 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"321da62\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-206ab87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"206ab87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"2640\" data-end=\"2667\">3. \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0634 (Cracks)<\/h3><p data-start=\"2669\" data-end=\"2768\">\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0627\u06af\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p><h4 data-start=\"2770\" data-end=\"2784\">\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u06a9<\/h4><ul><li data-start=\"2787\" data-end=\"2796\">\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0645<\/li><li data-start=\"2799\" data-end=\"2808\">\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u062f<\/li><li data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"2824\">\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/li><li data-start=\"2827\" data-end=\"2851\">\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u067e\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f<\/li><\/ul><h4 data-start=\"2853\" data-end=\"2875\">\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/h4><ul><li data-start=\"2878\" data-end=\"2911\">\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647<\/li><li data-start=\"2914\" data-end=\"2945\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646<\/li><li data-start=\"2948\" data-end=\"2967\">\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0646<\/li><li data-start=\"2970\" data-end=\"3007\">\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0632\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f82578b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f82578b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8c7a90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8c7a90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"3014\" data-end=\"3048\">4. \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0634 (Undercut)<\/h3><p data-start=\"3050\" data-end=\"3133\">\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p><h4 data-start=\"3135\" data-end=\"3148\">\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c<\/h4><ul><li data-start=\"3151\" data-end=\"3168\">\u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f<\/li><li data-start=\"3171\" data-end=\"3188\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a<\/li><li data-start=\"3191\" data-end=\"3213\">\u062a\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/li><\/ul><h4 data-start=\"3215\" data-end=\"3235\">\u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/h4><ul><li data-start=\"3238\" data-end=\"3266\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a<\/li><li data-start=\"3269\" data-end=\"3288\">\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0648\u06cc<\/li><li data-start=\"3291\" data-end=\"3311\">\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2dbab9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2dbab9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54e3e8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54e3e8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"3318\" data-end=\"3362\">5. \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 (Misalignment)<\/h3><p data-start=\"3364\" data-end=\"3443\">\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p><h4 data-start=\"3445\" data-end=\"3455\">\u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/h4><ul><li data-start=\"3458\" data-end=\"3474\">\u0641\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0686\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/li><li data-start=\"3477\" data-end=\"3487\">\u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0635\u0628<\/li><li data-start=\"3490\" data-end=\"3515\">\u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc<\/li><\/ul><h4 data-start=\"3517\" data-end=\"3529\">\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/h4><ul><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642<\/li><li>\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/li><li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-665d23f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"665d23f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f5790d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f5790d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 data-start=\"3627\" data-end=\"3667\">6. \u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0633\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 (Slag Inclusion)<\/h3><p data-start=\"3669\" data-end=\"3745\">\u0628\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc SMAW \u0648 FCAW \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p><h4 data-start=\"3747\" data-end=\"3760\">\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/h4><ul><li data-start=\"3763\" data-end=\"3786\">\u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/li><li data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3811\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f<\/li><li data-start=\"3814\" data-end=\"3834\">\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0631<\/li><\/ul><h4 data-start=\"3836\" data-end=\"3855\">\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc<\/h4><ul><li data-start=\"3858\" data-end=\"3886\">\u062a\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0633<\/li><li data-start=\"3889\" data-end=\"3912\">\u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/li><li data-start=\"3915\" data-end=\"3934\">\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6911ec4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6911ec4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3576e1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3576e1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc-2-1024x683.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5415\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc-2-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc-2-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc-2-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/retopi.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/\u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc-2.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89e1c5b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"89e1c5b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e24252 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9e24252\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"3941\" data-end=\"3976\">\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0634<\/h2><p data-start=\"3978\" data-end=\"4194\">\u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0644\u06cc\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"4196\" data-end=\"4234\">\u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/h3><ul><li data-start=\"4238\" data-end=\"4284\"><strong data-start=\"4238\" data-end=\"4257\">ASME Section IX<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648 \u0627\u067e\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/li><li data-start=\"4287\" data-end=\"4327\"><strong data-start=\"4287\" data-end=\"4299\">API 1104<\/strong> \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0632<\/li><li data-start=\"4330\" data-end=\"4359\"><strong data-start=\"4330\" data-end=\"4343\">ISO 15614<\/strong> \u062c\u0647\u062a \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f WPS<\/li><li data-start=\"4362\" data-end=\"4394\"><strong data-start=\"4362\" data-end=\"4374\">AWS D1.1<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"4396\" data-end=\"4473\">\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-317a4bd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"317a4bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49fbfb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49fbfb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"4824\" data-end=\"4861\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/h2><p data-start=\"4863\" data-end=\"5093\">\u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc TIG \u0648 MIG \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"5095\" data-end=\"5115\">\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u06cc<\/h3><ul><li data-start=\"5118\" data-end=\"5143\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/li><li data-start=\"5146\" data-end=\"5167\">\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u062f<\/li><li data-start=\"5170\" data-end=\"5199\">\u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0648\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-197e1e4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"197e1e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-772e9a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"772e9a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"5710\" data-end=\"5741\">\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/h2><p data-start=\"5743\" data-end=\"5812\">\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p><ul><li data-start=\"5816\" data-end=\"5829\">\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/li><li data-start=\"5832\" data-end=\"5845\">\u062a\u0623\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647<\/li><li data-start=\"5848\" data-end=\"5869\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/li><li data-start=\"5872\" data-end=\"5887\">\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f<\/li><li data-start=\"5890\" data-end=\"5909\">\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc<\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"5911\" data-end=\"5971\">\u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-559e435 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"559e435\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0c3481 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0c3481\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 data-start=\"6695\" data-end=\"6712\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/h2><p data-start=\"6714\" data-end=\"6938\">\u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u06cc \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0641\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062e\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u060c \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0634 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0646\u062e\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p><p data-start=\"6940\" data-end=\"7218\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc WPS \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aecd5fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aecd5fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9016c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9016c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 (FAQ)<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8c8951 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a8c8951\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee24efd elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"ee24efd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2490\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2490\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0686\u0634\u0645\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u061f <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2490\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236e01c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"236e01c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0c8b9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d0c8b9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"6077\" data-end=\"6195\">\u062e\u06cc\u0631. \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u0637\u062d\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f RT \u0648 UT \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2491\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2491\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \u0686\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2491\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-026f377 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"026f377\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d7e76c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d7e76c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"6473\" data-end=\"6576\">\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2492\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2492\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2492\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-522fe32 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"522fe32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae7910a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae7910a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"6617\" data-end=\"6688\">\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"\\u0622\\u06cc\\u0627 \\u062a\\u0645\\u0627\\u0645\\u06cc \\u0639\\u06cc\\u0648\\u0628 \\u062c\\u0648\\u0634 \\u0628\\u0627 \\u0628\\u0627\\u0632\\u0631\\u0633\\u06cc \\u0686\\u0634\\u0645\\u06cc \\u0642\\u0627\\u0628\\u0644 \\u062a\\u0634\\u062e\\u06cc\\u0635 \\u0647\\u0633\\u062a\\u0646\\u062f\\u061f\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"\\u062e\\u06cc\\u0631. \\u0628\\u0633\\u06cc\\u0627\\u0631\\u06cc \\u0627\\u0632 \\u0639\\u06cc\\u0648\\u0628 \\u062f\\u0627\\u062e\\u0644\\u06cc \\u0645\\u0627\\u0646\\u0646\\u062f \\u062a\\u0631\\u06a9\\u200c\\u0647\\u0627\\u06cc 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